How To Cite a Research Paper

Typically, the reference list is provided at the end of the essay. It is included to allow the reader of an essay or piece of academic writing to find the sources for the text. This very convenience, however, also leads writers into danger.

For example, if you’re using a CDC web page as a source, you would list the author as “Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.” An excerpt from The Stars and StripesHistoric newspapers provide a glimpse of historic time periods. The articles, as well as the advertising, are an appealing way to get a look at the regions of the country or the world and the issues of the day.

Works Cited

For sources with no author, use the title in place of an author. Helen Keller to John Hitz, August 29, 1893The Library of Congress online collections include letters, diaries, recollections, and other written material. One example is this letter from Helen Keller to Mr. John Hitz. Helen describes her trip to Chicago to visit the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893. URL. Congressional information or location (opt.). Include a retrieval date only if source material could change over time .

Place your parenthetical inside the closing punctuation for the sentence. Start your Works Cited entry with the author’s name, if provided. If an individual author is listed https://detailingwash.gr/what-is-narrative-writing/ for the web page you want to cite, type their last name first, followed by a comma, then their first name. APA style has specific rules for citing works by multiple authors.

How To Cite a Research Paper Table of Contents

This map is from the Library of Congress online collections. Title of the Website, Version or edition, Publisher,. “Section of Website.” Title of the Website, Other Contributors, Version, Number, Name of publisher or sponsor, Date of publication, DOI or URL. This handout will break down how to cite a website article essay about 1984 in APA format. This interactive guide will show you where on a website you can find the information needed to complete your citation. For the website article title, capitalize only proper nouns and the first word of the article title and subtitle. Paraphrasing requires that you rephrase or restate the original idea.

Some sentences are extracted from journals and other poems and acknowledging the sources with the formatting styles in this article has been worthwhile. With APA in-text citation, you cite two sources in one parenthesis by ordering the citations alphabetically in the same order they appear in the reference list. how to start a quote in an essay This rule also applies to citations shortened to et. With ASA citation style, the reference list is written in a section titled REFERENCES. If you use material from an electronic forum, list by author’s name. Follow that with the most specific identifying information you can give about the particular post.

Piece of Online Content

If the specific web page has a title, type it after the author’s name. Use title case, capitalizing the first word and all nouns, pronouns, adverbs, adjectives, and verbs. Enclose the title in double quotation marks, placing a period at the end of the title, inside the closing quotation marks. Include an in-text citation when you refer to, summarize, paraphrase, or quote from another source. For every in-text citation in your paper, there must be a corresponding entry in your reference list.

1. Separate each author with commas and use the ampersand symbol (&) before the last author.Smith, J.
2. These are alphanumeric strings identifying unique content while providing a persistent link to their locations.
3. But, this should be avoided to keep the integrity of the current work.
4. All academic fields require students and researchers to document their sources.
5. This is used to let readers know that a sentence contains information from a different source.
6. Video that was first published elsewhere before being posted online, is usually attributed to the individuals most responsible for making it—the director or performers.

You should not simply substitute key phrases with synonyms and call it your own idea. Even if you do not directly quote a sentence and instead choose to paraphrase it, this still requires a citation. Paraphrased sentences are generally the same length as the original text . If there is no publication date, look for the date that the content was last updated or the copyright date. Research.com uses the information to contact you about our relevant content. For more information, check out our Privacy Policy. If there are no page numbers, then include the number pattern included in the book like chapters or paragraphs.

Examples of APA Reference List

The former is when you miss out to cite a source while the latter is when you put unnecessary citations that can be too distracting (Appropriate Level of Citation, n.d.). Note, however, that the titles of academic journals use special rules. There are different ways you can write reference list citations based on the citation style. The Turabian citation style supports two forms of writing in-text citations.

If an author appears in single-authored references and as the first author in a multi-authored source, list the single-authored references first. All references should be listed alphabetically by the first author’s last name. The list should be ordered alphabetically by the first author’s name or title if the author is unknown.

How to Properly Cite a Blog in Your Essay

In-text references should immediately follow the title, word, or phrase to which they are directly relevant, rather than appearing at the end of long clauses or sentences. In-text references should always precede punctuation marks. For webpages that have different authors’ names from the site name, provide the website name and the URL for the source element. For webpages whose authors’ names are the same as the site, only provide the URL. When the numbered volume has its own title, both of them should be included as part of the main title instead of the parenthetical information. Also, the title element should be finished with a period whenever the title does not end with a question mark or exclamation point. In cases where titles do, use the appropriate punctuation marks.

Be sure to ask your professor which citation style you need to use for your assignments. On the very last page of your paper, you need to provide a list of all the outside sources you quoted or paraphrased in the text. In APA format, this list is called a “References” page. If you do not have the author’s name, you can use a short version of the title in quotation marks.

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Citation of website sources under the Modern Language Association standard are required to be listed within a works cited section of your essay. Reference to your source website is also required within the text of the essay. It can be confusing to determine who the author of a website or webpage is. Often, the author is a group or agency rather than a particular individual. For how to start a quote in an essay example, the author of the position statement cited above is the American Nurses Association. If the website or webpage truly does not have an author, substitute the title of the page for the author in the in-text citation and reference list entry . But, to use any of the information retrieved from the Internet in your writing, you need to know how to cite a website properly.

If you are using a print work without a DOI, do not include a URL or DOI. In cases where both the author and date element appear in the running text, do not use parentheses. To Avoid Plagiarism – Citations allow researchers to properly quote the work of others. It helps them acknowledge where the bridge sentence example information came from. In 1936, Keynes said, “governments should run deficits when the economy is slow to avoid unemployment” (as cited in Richardson, 2008, p. 257). More information can be found on p. 253 of the 7th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

APA Quick Citation Guide

If there are different editions, volumes, or report numbers, include these after the title enclosed in parentheses. Do not use a period to separate the title and the parenthetical. If both volume information and edition are included, use a comma as a separator and put the edition number first. When using direct quotations of 40 or more words, indent five spaces from the left margin without using quotation marks. The final period should come before the parenthetical citation. Just like the rest of your paper, your References page should be in a readable font with 1-inch page margins.

1. Using citations in an essay is necessary whenever you directly paraphrase, quote, or summarize the key elements of someone else’s idea in your writing.
2. To indicate that you are citing a comment, follow the name with a period and then the words Comment on, followed by the title of the source in quotation marks.
3. Subsequent entries will have three hyphens in place of the name.
4. A Chicago-style footnote generally includes all of the same information as the bibliographic entry.
5. If there is no title, briefly describe the source.
6. The addition of publication information as well as works cited entry informs readers of how to get the source information you used.

So, it is best to check your target venue for submission for its preferred citation style. It is also good to note that some have specific style preferences, apart from the popular formats (e.g. APA, MLA, Chicago, and IEEE). Hence, it is best to check the author’s instructions page on their websites and articles that have already been published for reference. If in doubt about whether a given text should https://drattia.org/8-ways-to-start-an-essay-with-examples/ be considered public or private, we urge you to check with the original author before quoting it in your own work. Although the following categories overlap, they may help you decide when more care is warranted to avoid an invasion of privacy. Web versions of sources that also appear in print are generally safe to quote, since most print publishers take care to secure rights before publication.